![]() ![]() We use the notion of “generative entrenchment” to provide an ac-count of the formation and unfolding of a core-periphery structure from an evolving digital in-frastructure that highlights three aspects of the process. Our study pays special attention to the developmental dependencies of the components of the infrastructure’s installed base and how the interdependencies between the platform core and periphery evolve over time. This paper empirically investigates the process by which a digital infrastructure evolved and took the architectural form of a digital platform as a core-periphery structure over a 20-year pe-riod. However, these evolutionary dynamics are rarely unpacked so that the processes of change are not explained. For instance, coring refers to the process by which functionalities provided by entities in the periphery are integrated into the platform core (Bender and Gronau, 2017) or how the core grows with new functionalities (Gawer and Cusumano, 2008) 'resourcing' refers to the 'process by which the scope and diversity of a platform is enhanced' (Ghazawneh and Henfridsson, 2013: 177) 'securing' refers to the 'process by which the control of a platform and its related services is increased' (Ghazawneh and Henfridsson, 2013: 177) 'distributed tuning' entails the process by which boundary resources come into being and evolve through 'cascading action of accommodations and rejections of a network of heterogeneous actors and artifacts' (Eaton et al., 2015: 217) 'forking' describes the strategic exploitation 'in which a hostile firm (a 'forker') bypasses the host's controlling boundary resources and exploits the platform's shared resources, core, and complements, to create a competing platform business' (Karhu et al., 2018: 479) 'mutation' refers to the unanticipated creation of a spin-off platform to serve new customers and expand new markets (Tiwana, 2014) and 'backward compatibility' describes the process by which services originally developed for an earlier version of a platform core become compatible with future version of the platform (Hann et al., 2016 Kretschmer and Claussen, 2016). Information systems literature concerning digital platforms reveals several dynamics shaping the formation and evolution of platforms. Even though coring constitutes a potential threat for third-party developers regarding their functional differentiation, an idea of what a beneficial partnership incorporating coring activities could look like is developed here. Third, the fundamentals of coring are discussed as a first step towards theoretical development. ![]() Second, the case study revealed that the phenomenon of platform coring is present on digital platforms for mobile devices. Coring modes are differentiated by the amount of coring and application maintenance. ![]() First, a systematization of coring activities is developed. Specifically, it investigates activities regarding platform coring, as the integration of several functionalities provided by third-party applications in the platform core. To better understand the complex phenomenon of coring and related dynamics, this paper presents a case study comparing iMessage as part of Apple’s iOS and WhatsApp. These funds will be applied to your original payment method and may take up to five business days from the issue date to post to your account.įor those unfamiliar with Workflow, which is now owned by Apple, it's an automation tool that allows users to create a variety of workflows to automate tasks like creating GIFs from a series of photos, translating an article, posting photos to multiple social networks at once, calculating a tip, and tons more.įollowing Apple's acquisition of Workflow, there was an update to remove certain features, including workflow functionality that involved Google Chrome, Pocket, LINE, Telegram, and Uber, likely for legal reasons.Īpple plans to keep Workflow available in the App Store, and it is now a free download.Today’s mobile devices are part of powerful business ecosystems, which usually involve digital platforms. Since you recently purchased this app, we have issued you a full refund in the amount of $3.23. Workflow is now available for free in the App Store. Thank you for purchasing Workflow by DeskConnect, Inc. Apple today began sending out emails to customers who purchased popular automation app Workflow in the last few weeks, letting them know that they'll be receiving a refund for the purchase price of the app.Īpple is handing out refunds because following its recent acquisition of the Workflow app and team, it made the Workflow app free to download and removed some key functionality.Ī MacRumors reader shared his refund email with us, and we've also seen several reports of Workflow refunds from Twitter. ![]()
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